Automatic Waivers

Corresponding authors based in the following countries/locations are eligible to receive an automatic waiver for Article Processing Charges:
* Automatic waivers will only be applied if the corresponding author requests a waiver at the payment step during article submission.

Afghanistan  Angola  Bangladesh  Belarus  Belize  Benin  Bhutan  Burkina Faso  Burma  Burundi  Cabo Verde  Cambodia  Cameroon  Central African  Republic  Chad  Comoros  Congo  Cook Islands  Cuba  Democratic People's  Republic of Korea  Democratic  Republic of the Congo  Djibouti  Dominica  Equatorial Guinea  Eritrea  Eswatini  Ethiopia  Gambia  Ghana  Grenada

Guinea  Guinea-Bissau  Guyana  Haiti  Iran  Ivory Coast  Kenya  Kiribati  Kyrgyzstan  Lao People's  Democratic  Republic  Lebanon  Lesotho  Liberia  Madagascar  Malawi  Maldives  Mali  Marshall Islands  Mauritania  Micronesia (Federated States of)  Mozambique  Myanmar  Nauru  Nepal  Nicaragua  Niger  Niue  Palau  Papua New Guinea

Republic of  Moldova  Rwanda  Saint Helena  Saint Lucia  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  Samoa  Sao Tome and Principe  Senegal  Sierra Leone  Solomon Islands  Somalia  South Sudan  Sudan  Suriname  Syrian Arab  Republic  Tajikistan  Timor-Leste  Togo  Tokelau  Tonga  Tuvalu  Uganda  Ukraine  United Republic of Tanzania  Vanuatu  Yemen  Zambia  Zimbabwe

 Automatic Discounts

Corresponding authors based in the following countries/locations are eligible to receive a 50% discount on Article Processing Charges:
* Automatic discounts can only be applied if the corresponding author selects to pay directly or arrange for payment at the payment step during article submission.

Albania  Algeria  Antigua and Barbuda  Armenia  Azerbaijan  Bolivia (Plurinational State of)  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Botswana  Colombia  Ecuador  Egypt  El Salvador  Fiji  Gabon  Georgia

Guatemala  Honduras  Iraq  Jamaica  Jordan  Kosovo  Libya  Mauritius  Mongolia  Montenegro  Morocco  Namibia  Nigeria  North Macedonia  Pakistan

Paraguay  Peru  Saint Kitts and Nevis  Serbia  Seychelles  Sri Lanka  Tunisia  Uzbekistan  Venezuela(Bolivarian Republic of)  Viet Nam  West Bank and Gaza Strip

Eligibility is determined based on the billing address provided by the author.